A European presence was allowed within the empire and Chinese merchants emigrated to locations outside the realm for the first time. 1557: World trade - The Ming Dynasty expanded China’s maritime trade to export silk and porcelain wares.Kublai Khan introduced paper money, met with Marco Polo, brought the first Muslims to the country and attempted to conquer Japan.
: Kublai Khan - The grandson of Genghis conquered the Song Dynasty and established the Yuan Dynasty, unifying China and bringing Mongolia, Siberia and parts of the Middle East and even Europe into the Chinese Empire. It was soon followed by calendars and educational material. : Printing press - The earliest known printed book, The Diamond Sutra, was created during the Tang Dynasty. The explosive properties that resulted were used in warfare to propel arrows by the Tang Dynasty, as well as fireworks. : Gunpowder - Alchemists working with saltpeter for medicinal purposes mixed it with charcoal and sulfur. Paper use spread quickly across the empire, with the first Chinese dictionary, compiled by Xu Shen, and the first book of Chinese history, written by Sima Qian soon appearing. 105 A.D.: Paper and books - Cai Lun developed paper by pounding together ingredients like bamboo, hemp, bark and others and spreading the pulp flat.Reaching as far as Afghanistan, his maps were accurate and led to the international trade route the Silk Road. : The Silk Road - Following capture and escape during a mission for Emperor Wu, Zhang Qian returned after 13 years with a map of the ground he had covered. Qin Emperor Ying Zheng created an elaborate underground complex at the foot of the Lishan Mountain, famously featuring 13,000 terracotta statues of warriors and horses.
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